(c) The requirement of this section that copies be manufactured in the
United States or Canada is satisfied if-
(1) in the case where the copies are printed directly from type that
has been set, or directly from plates made from such type, the
setting of the type and the making of the plates have been
performed in the United States or Canada; and
(2) in the case where the making of plates by a lithographic or
photoengraving process is a final or intermediate step preceding the
printing of the copies, the making of the plates has been performed
in the United States or Canada.
(3) in any case, the printing or other final process of producing
multiple copies and any binding of the copies have been performed
in the United States or Canada.
(d) Importation or public distribution of copies in violation of this
section does not invalidate protection for a work under this title.
However, in any civil action or criminal proceeding for infringement of
the exclusive rights to produce and distribute copies of the work, the
infringer has a complete defense with respect to all of the nondramatic
literary material comprised in the work and any other parts of the
work in which the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute copies
are owned by the same person who owns such exclusive rights in the
nondramatic literary material, if the infringer proves-
(1) that copies of the work have been imported into or publicly
distributed in the United States in violation of this section by or
with the authority of the owner of such exclusive rights; and
(2) that the infringing copies were manufactured in the United
States or Canada in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c);
and
(3) that the infringement was commenced before the effective date
of registration for an authorized edition of the work, the copies of
which have been manufactured in the United States or Canada in
accordance with the provisions of subsection (c).
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